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Plans to dive on the wreck the following year were stopped when Clarke developed paralysis, ultimately diagnosed as polio. long survive when men have seen the Earth in its true perspective as a single small On 26 May 2000, he was made a Knight Bachelor "for services to literature" at a ceremony in Colombo. For much of the later 20th century, Clarke, Asimov, and Heinlein were informally known as the "Big Three" of science-fiction writers. By clicking "Accept all" you agree that Verizon Media and our partners will store and/or access information on your device through the use of cookies and similar technologies and process your personal data, to display personalised ads and content, for ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. [30][31], Clarke lived in Sri Lanka from 1956 until his death in 2008, first in Unawatuna on the south coast, and then in Colombo. [37] [44] "The marriage was incompatible from the beginning," said Clarke. [91], Clarke described a global computer network similar to the modern World Wide Web in a 1964 presentation for the BBC's Horizon programme, predicting that, by the 21st century, access to information and even physical tasks such as surgery could be accomplished remotely and instantaneously from anywhere in the world using internet and satellite communication. [15], Clarke was born in Minehead, Somerset, England,[16] and grew up in nearby Bishops Lydeard. [127] His early published stories usually featured the extrapolation of a technological innovation or scientific breakthrough into the underlying decadence of his own society. [29], Following the 1968 release of 2001, Clarke became much in demand as a commentator on science and technology, especially at the time of the Apollo space program. ed. [32][66][67][68] His aide described the cause as respiratory complications and heart failure stemming from post-polio syndrome. "[120], Clarke was an anti-capitalist, stating that he did not fear automation because, "the goal of the future is full unemployment, so we can play. He predicted telecommunication satellites (albeit serviced by astronauts in space suits, who would replace the satellite's vacuum tubes as they burned out). '"[100], Though different from Clarke's idea of telecom relay, the idea of communicating via satellites in geostationary orbit itself had been described earlier. In 2001 the prize was increased to £2001, and its value now matches the year (e.g., £2005 in 2005). a rainbow. During this time, Clarke corresponded with C. S. Lewis in the 1940s and 1950s and they once met in an Oxford pub, the Eastgate, to discuss science fiction and space travel. He co-wrote the screenplay for the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey, one of the most influential films of all time. Because of the political environment in America in the 1980s, the film presents a Cold War theme, with the looming tensions of nuclear warfare not featured in the novel. In the 1989 Queen's Birthday Honours, Clarke was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) "for services to British cultural interests in Sri Lanka". It was very popular and considered ground-breaking work for some of the concepts it contained. [44] Similarly, in the prologue to the 1990 Del Rey edition of Childhood's End, he writes "...after ... researching my Mysterious World and Strange Powers programmes, I am an almost total skeptic. [17], In his teens, he joined the Junior Astronomical Association and contributed to Urania, the society's journal, which was edited in Glasgow by Marion Eadie. Clarke also wrote short stories under the pseudonyms of E. G. O'Brien and Charles Willis. [109] When he entered the Royal Air Force, Clarke insisted that his dog tags be marked "pantheist" rather than the default, Church of England,[44] and in a 1991 essay entitled "Credo", described himself as a logical positivist from the age of 10. After many delays, the film was released in the spring of 1968, before the book was completed. for life – much less intelligence – beyond this Earth does not surprise or disappoint Find out more about how we use your information in our Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy. In 1982, Clarke continued the 2001 epic with a sequel, 2010: Odyssey Two. [93], In a 1974 interview with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the interviewer asked Clarke how he believed the computer would change the future for the everyday person, and what life would be like in the year 2001. ", "Summary List of UNESCO Prizes: List of Prizewinners, p. 12", "Colombo Journal; A Nonfiction Journey to a More Peaceful World", "BHA Expresses Sadness at Death of Arthur C Clarke", "Sir Arthur Clarke Named Recipient of 2004 Heinlein Award", "Arthur C. Clarke Memorial Trophy Interschool Astronomy Quiz Competition", Sir Arthur C Clarke Quiz Competition 2011, "Pluto's Largest Moon, Charon, Gets Its First Official Names", "To Mars by A-Bomb: The Secret History of Project Orion (2003)", An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural, Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards, Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment, Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming, Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques, Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins, Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas, International Association for Handicapped Divers, Environmental impact of recreational diving, Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area, Finger Lakes Underwater Preserve Association, Maritime Heritage Trail – Battle of Saipan, Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment, Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus, Testing and inspection of diving cylinders, Association of Diving Contractors International, Hazardous Materials Identification System, International Marine Contractors Association, List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders, European Underwater and Baromedical Society, National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology, Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine, South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society, Southern African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association, United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit, List of legislation regulating underwater diving, UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, History of decompression research and development, Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival, Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving, Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO), IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving, ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers, The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure, List of Divers Alert Network publications, International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum, List of diver certification organizations, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, World Recreational Scuba Training Council, Commercial diver registration in South Africa, American Canadian Underwater Certifications, Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée, International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers, International Diving Educators Association, National Association of Underwater Instructors, Professional Association of Diving Instructors, Professional Diving Instructors Corporation, National Speleological Society#Cave Diving Group, South African Underwater Sports Federation, 14th CMAS Underwater Photography World Championship, Physiological response to water immersion, Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28, Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System, Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia, Diving Equipment and Marketing Association, Society for Underwater Historical Research, Underwater Archaeology Branch, Naval History & Heritage Command, International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office, Submarine Escape and Rescue system (Royal Swedish Navy), Submarine Escape Training Facility (Australia), Neutral buoyancy simulation as a training aid, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_C._Clarke&oldid=1024857800, Commanders of the Order of the British Empire, Royal Air Force personnel of World War II, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Articles with dead external links from October 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [42] The dive shop that he set up continues to operate from Trincomalee through the Arthur C Clarke Foundation.[43]. In Clarke's authorised biography, Neil McAleer writes: "many readers and critics still consider Childhood's End Arthur C. Clarke's best novel. In the 1980s and early 1990s, Clarke presented his television programmes Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World, Arthur C. Clarke's World of Strange Powers, and Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious Universe. Flattered though I am, honesty compels me to point out that the concept of such an orbit predates my 1945 paper 'Extra Terrestrial Relays' by at least twenty years. jungle savages listening for the throbbing of tom-toms, while the ether around them [36] He was held in such high esteem that when fellow science-fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein came to visit, the Sri Lanka Air Force provided a helicopter to take them around the country. In the cases of Childhood's End, and the 2001 series, this encounter produces a conceptual breakthrough that accelerates humanity into the next stage of its evolution. After the war, he attained a first-class degree in mathematics and physics from King's College London. Our technology must still be laughably primitive; we may well be like In particular, Clarke was a populariser of the concept of space travel. Many of Clarke's later works feature a technologically advanced but still-prejudiced mankind being confronted by a superior alien intelligence. Clarke also contributed pieces to the Debates and Discussions Corner, a counterblast to an Urania article offering the case against space travel, and also his recollections of the Walt Disney film Fantasia. I have seen far too many claims dissolve into thin air, far too many demonstrations exposed as fakes. [58] The Independent reported that a similar story was not published, allegedly because Clarke was a friend of newspaper tycoon Rupert Murdoch. The novel details the threat posed to humanity by the alien monoliths, whose actions are not always as their builders had intended. Citing the numerous promising paranormal claims that were later shown to be fraudulent, Clarke described his earlier openness to the paranormal having turned to being "an almost total sceptic" by the time of his 1992 biography. J. [47][48] The accusation was subsequently found to be baseless by the Sri Lankan police. There's no script and as you know, Morgan Freeman's not in the best of health right now. [117][118], Clarke left written instructions for a funeral: "Absolutely no religious rites of any kind, relating to any religious faith, should be associated with my funeral. He advanced this idea in a paper privately circulated among the core technical members of the British Interplanetary Society in 1945. "[121], Regarding human jobs being replaced by robots, Clarke said: "Any teacher that can be replaced by a machine should be! A famous quotation of Clarke's is often cited: "One of the great tragedies of mankind is that morality has been hijacked by religion. Clarke wrote two further sequels which have not been adapted into motion pictures: 2061: Odyssey Three (published in 1987) and 3001: The Final Odyssey (published in 1997). [86] After years of no progress, Fincher stated in an interview in late 2007 (in which he also credited the novel as being influential on the films Alien and Star Trek: The Motion Picture) that he is still attached to helm. here ... the fact that we have not yet found the slightest evidence "This is more or less the way it worked out, though toward the end, novel and screenplay were being written simultaneously, with feedback in both directions. [65], Clarke died in Sri Lanka on 19 March 2008 after suffering from respiratory failure, according to Rohan de Silva, one of his aides. When asked why they were sealed, he answered, "Well, there might be all sorts of embarrassing things in them."[3]. He also served as chancellor of Moratuwa University in Sri Lanka from 1979 to 2002. [99] In an interview given shortly before his death, Clarke was asked whether he had ever suspected that one day communications satellites would become so important; he replied: "I'm often asked why I didn't try to patent the idea of a communications satellite. [132] He won more than a dozen annual literary awards for particular works of science fiction.[38]. "[108] He described himself as "fascinated by the concept of God". [60] Clarke was then duly knighted. Mysteries of the First Kind: Something that was once utterly baffling but is now completely understood, e.g. [11], Clarke was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1989 "for services to British cultural interests in Sri Lanka". On a trip to Florida in 1953,[1] Clarke met and quickly married Marilyn Mayfield, a 22-year-old American divorcee with a young son. [32], Clarke won the 1963 Stuart Ballantine Medal from the Franklin Institute for the concept of satellite communications,[130][131] and other honours. He described Dunsany as "one of the greatest writers of the century. Arthur didn't publicise his sexuality – that wasn't the focus of his life – but if asked, he was open and honest. In late 2008, Fincher stated the movie is unlikely to be made. Due to the hectic schedule of the film's production, Kubrick and Clarke had difficulty collaborating on the book. (2000), together with a new introduction and many prefatory notes. James Randi later recounted that upon seeing the premiere of 2001, Clarke left the theatre at the intermission in tears, after having watched an eleven-minute scene (which did not make it into general release) where an astronaut is doing nothing more than jogging inside the spaceship, which was Kubrick's idea of showing the audience how boring space travels could be.[83]. Clarke published a number of nonfiction books with essays, speeches, addresses, etc. He wrote: "the time will come when we will be able to call a person anywhere on Earth merely by dialing a number." Such a device would also, in Clarke's vision, include means for global positioning so "no one need ever again be lost." 2001: A Space Odyssey, Clarke's most famous work, was extended well beyond the 1968 movie as the Space Odyssey series. [7] Clarke and Heinlein began writing to each other after The Exploration of Space was published in 1951, and first met in person the following year. We met his protégés, western and eastern, and their families, people who had only the most generous praise for his kindness. 2 Radio School, RAF Yatesbury in Wiltshire. The ship, ultimately identified as belonging to the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb, yielded fused bags of silver rupees, cannon, and other artefacts, carefully documented, became the basis for The Treasure of the Great Reef. "[129], He also listed H. G. Wells, Jules Verne, and Edgar Rice Burroughs as influences. Clarke's work is marked by an optimistic view of science empowering mankind's exploration of the Solar System and the world's oceans. YOSEMITE VILLAGE, Calif. — Yosemite National Park will require advanced reservations for day visitors during the peak summer season to limit the number of visitors and allow social distancing amid the pandemic. Under the new rules, advance reservations will be required for day use visitors who enter Yosemite from May 21 to Sept. 30, the San Jose Mercury News reported. [12] The same year, he became the first chancellor of the International Space University, serving from 1989 to 2004. "[128], Clarke was also well known as an admirer of Irish fantasy writer Lord Dunsany, also having corresponded with him until Dunsany's death in 1957. Clarke's first venture into film was 2001: A Space Odyssey, directed by Stanley Kubrick. [91] A timetable[92] up to the year 2100 describes inventions and ideas including such things as a "global library" for 2005. In 1986, Clarke provided a grant to fund the prize money (initially £1,000) for the Arthur C. Clarke Award for the best science fiction novel published in the United Kingdom in the previous year. Clarke's email correspondence with Hyams was published in 1984. [51], In an interview in the July 1986 issue of Playboy magazine, when asked if he had had a bisexual experience, Clarke stated, "Of course. The whereabouts of astronaut Dave Bowman (the "Star Child"), the artificial intelligence HAL 9000, and the development of native life on Europa, protected by the alien Monolith, are revealed. Clarke was known for hosting several television series investigating the unusual: Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World (1980), Arthur C. Clarke's World of Strange Power] (1985), and Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious Universe (1994). [44][105] Living in Sri Lanka and learning its history also inspired the backdrop for his novel The Fountains of Paradise in which he described a space elevator. As a boy, he lived on a farm, where he enjoyed stargazing, fossil collecting, and reading American science-fiction pulp magazines. [90], His many predictions culminated in 1958 when he began a series of magazine essays which eventually became Profiles of the Future, published in book form in 1962. [87] Revelations indicated that Stel Pavlou had written the adaptation. [8] He was the chairman of the British Interplanetary Society from 1946–1947 and again in 1951–1953. Both are equally terrifying. Topics examined ranged from ancient, man-made artifacts with obscure origins (e.g., the Nazca lines or Stonehenge), to cryptids (purported animals unknown to science), or obsolete scientific theories that came to have alternate explanations (e.g., Martian canals). [101][e] Clarke acknowledged the earlier concept in his book Profiles of the Future. Near the very end of that same episode, the last segment of which covered the Star of Bethlehem, he said his favourite theory[116] was that it might be a pulsar. In the 1950s, I'd go out drinking with his boyfriend. Clarke's award-winning novel Rendezvous with Rama (1973) was optioned for filmmaking in the early 21st century[85][86] but this motion picture was in "development hell" as of 2014[update]. "It looks like it's not going to happen. Not only was it the basis for 2001: A Space Odyssey, but "The Sentinel" also introduced a more cosmic element to Clarke's work. [115] In his introduction to the penultimate episode of Mysterious World, entitled "Strange Skies", Clarke said: "I sometimes think that the universe is a machine designed for the perpetual astonishment of astronomers," reflecting the dialogue of the episode, in which he stated this concept more broadly, referring to "mankind". [23][24][25] After this, he worked as assistant editor at Physics Abstracts. [81] Later, at the home of Larry Niven in California, a concerned Heinlein attacked Clarke's views on United States foreign and space policy (especially the SDI), vigorously advocating a strong defence posture. [28], His 1951 book, The Exploration of Space, was used by the rocket pioneer Wernher von Braun to convince President John F. Kennedy that it was possible to go to the Moon. In July 2007, he provided a video address for the Robert A. Heinlein Centennial in which he closed his comments with a goodbye to his fans. In addition to writing, Clarke set up several diving-related ventures with his business partner Mike Wilson. On 20 July 1969, Clarke appeared as a commentator for the CBS News broadcast of the Apollo 11 moon landing. He also envisioned a "personal transceiver, so small and compact that every man carries one". In September 2007, he provided a video greeting for NASA's Cassini probe's flyby of Iapetus (which plays an important role in the book of 2001: A Space Odyssey). The Sri Lankan government offered Clarke resident guest status in 1975. "[116], Despite his atheism, themes of deism are a common feature within Clarke's work. His books on space travel usually included chapters about other aspects of science and technology, such as computers and bioengineering. "[32] However, Michael Moorcock wrote: Everyone knew he was gay. Who hasn't? He first described this in a letter to the editor of Wireless World in February 1945[95] and elaborated on the concept in a paper titled Extra-Terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?, published in Wireless World in October 1945. B. S. Haldane, near the end of his life, suggested in a personal letter to Clarke that Clarke should receive a prize in theology for being one of the few people to write anything new on the subject, and went on to say that if Clarke's writings had not contained multiple contradictory theological views, he might have been a menace. "[120], Clarke also wrote, "It is not easy to see how the more extreme forms of nationalism can An extensive selection of Clarke's essays and book chapters (from 1934 to 1998; 110 pieces, 63 of them previously uncollected in his books) can be found in the book Greetings, Carbon-Based Bipeds! [69], Just hours before Clarke's death, a major gamma-ray burst (GRB) reached Earth. This idea of transcendence through evolution seems to have been influenced by Olaf Stapledon, who wrote a number of books dealing with this theme. "[82] The novel ended up being published a few months after the release of the movie. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Your Privacy Controls. While Clarke had a few stories published in fanzines, between 1937 and 1945, his first professional sale appeared in Astounding Science Fiction in 1946: "Loophole" was published in April, while "Rescue Party", his first sale, was published in May. [7], Clarke was a lifelong proponent of space travel. "[120], Early in his career, Clarke had a fascination with the paranormal and said it was part of the inspiration for his novel Childhood's End. In Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World, he describes three kinds of "mysteries": Clarke's programs on unusual phenomena were parodied in a 1982 episode of the comedy series The Goodies, in which his show is cancelled after it is claimed that he does not exist. [27], Although he was not the originator of the concept of geostationary satellites, one of his most important contributions in this field may be his idea that they would be ideal telecommunications relays. [75] Clarke was buried alongside Leslie Ekanayake in Colombo in traditional Sri Lankan fashion on 22 March. "[120] He also believed, "Two possibilities exist: either we are alone in the Universe or we are not. [62] He made humanitarian appeals, and the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation worked towards better disaster notification systems. [49][50] Journalists who enquired of Clarke whether he was gay were told, "No, merely mildly cheerful. It has been a long, and sometimes embarrassing, learning process. Sir Arthur Charles Clarke CBE FRAS (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was an English science-fiction writer, science writer, futurist,[3] inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host. At Clarke's request, she added an Astronautics Section, which featured a series of articles written by him on spacecraft and space travel. A recurring theme in Clarke's works is the notion that the evolution of an intelligent species would eventually make them something close to gods. For example, the concept of geostationary satellites was described in Hermann Oberth's 1923 book Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen (The Rocket into Interplanetary Space), and then the idea of radio communication by means of those satellites in Herman Potočnik's (written under the pseudonym Hermann Noordung) 1928 book Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums – der Raketen-Motor (The Problem of Space Travel – The Rocket Motor), sections: Providing for Long Distance Communications and Safety,[d] and (possibly referring to the idea of relaying messages via satellite, but not that three would be optimal) Observing and Researching the Earth's Surface, published in Berlin. Clarke's technical papers, together with several essays and extensive autobiographical material, are collected in Ascent to Orbit: A Scientific Autobiography (1984). Clarke spent most of his wartime service working on ground-controlled approach (GCA) radar, as documented in the semiautobiographical Glide Path, his only non-science-fiction novel. [46] In 1998, the Sunday Mirror reported that he paid Sri Lankan boys for sex, leading to the cancellation of plans for Prince Charles to knight him on a visit to the country. "[53], Clarke accumulated a vast collection of manuscripts and personal memoirs, maintained by his brother Fred Clarke in Taunton, Somerset, England, and referred to as the "Clarkives". [112] He has also described himself as a "crypto-Buddhist", insisting Buddhism is not a religion. Clarke initially served in the ranks, and was a corporal instructor on radar at No. "[114] In a three-day "dialogue on man and his world" with Alan Watts, Clarke said he was biased against religion and could not forgive religions for what he perceived as their inability to prevent atrocities and wars over time. In 1982, Clarke wrote a sequel to 2001 titled 2010: Odyssey Two, which was made into a film in 1984. [c] Along with his writing, Clarke briefly worked as assistant editor of Science Abstracts (1949) before devoting himself in 1951 to full-time writing. 3,020 Likes, 39 Comments - William & Mary (@william_and_mary) on Instagram: “Move-In looks a little different this year, and we know there are mixed emotions right now. [a] Clarke is buried with Ekanayake, who predeceased him by three decades, in Colombo's central cemetery. He said: "Any path to knowledge is a path to God – or Reality, whichever word one prefers to use. [22] He was appointed chief training instructor at RAF Honiley in Warwickshire and was demobilised with the rank of flight lieutenant. Our civilisation depends on energy, but we can't allow oil and coal to slowly bake our planet. Finally, in 3001: The Final Odyssey, astronaut Frank Poole's freeze-dried body, found by a spaceship beyond the orbit of Neptune, is revived by advanced medical science. Mysteries of the Third Kind: Something of which we have no understanding. Some of his early influences included dinosaur cigarette cards, which led to an enthusiasm for fossils starting about 1925. [44][80], In 1984, Clarke testified before Congress against the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). In 1948, he wrote "The Sentinel" for a BBC competition. He wrote many books and many essays for popular magazines. [45] In his biography of Stanley Kubrick, John Baxter cites Clarke's homosexuality as a reason why he relocated, due to more tolerant laws with regard to homosexuality in Sri Lanka. [41] When tantalum mining for mobile phone manufacture threatened the gorillas in 2001, he lent his voice to their cause. Most of the Damage Comes from Fuss Made by Hysterical Parents", "Smirk of a pervert and a liar; Police Probe Links Clarke to International Child Sex Ring", "NOTW editor 'spiked paedophilia scoop on Arthur C Clarke for fear of Murdoch, "Video greeting to NASA JPL by Arthur C. Clarke", "Sir Arthur C Clarke 90th Birthday reflections", "Sci-fi guru Arthur C. Clarke dies at 90", "NASA Satellite Detects Naked-Eye Explosion Halfway Across Universe", "Writer, Visionary, Futurist & Atheist Arthur C. Clarke Died on March 18, 2008 at Age 90 – An Appreciation", "Last odyssey for sci-fi guru Arthur C. Clarke", "Arthur C. Clarke, 90; scientific visionary, acclaimed writer of '2001: A Space Odyssey, "Randi shares some stories regarding his friend Arthur C. Clarke and compares Stanley Kubrick to Steve Jobs", "David Fincher and Quint talk about everything from A(lien3) to Z(odiac)!!!

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