pont de crimée
The Crimean Bridge at night, December 2019. Qu’importent les chiffres : le pont de Crimée préfigure désormais une nouvelle étape. Voulez-vous vraiment supprimer cet élément de vos favoris? Le projet est doté d'un budget plafonné à 228,3 milliards de roubles, soit environ 2,9 milliards d'euros ou 3 milliards de dollars[4],[5]. [55] Sanctions were introduced by the United States and the European Union against companies involved in the construction,[56][57] and since December 2018 the United Nations General Assembly repeatedly condemned construction and opening of the bridge as "facilitating the further militarization of Crimea"[58][59] and "restricting the size of ships that can reach the Ukrainian ports on the Azov coast". Pour l'instant aucune information est disponible à propos des participants (personnes ou entreprises) dans ce projet. A record traffic was recorded on 15 August 2020 and amounted to 36,393 cars. Selon les juristes spécialistes du domaine, la participation, même indirecte, d'une entreprise néerlandaise à la construction de ce pont est en effet une violation des sanctions[11]. Avec ses 18 km de long, c'est le plus long pont de Russie et d'Europe[1]. Inscrivez-vous gratuitement. Si plusieurs propositions sont faites sous l'URSS, notamment dans les années 1960, aucune n'est sérieusement étudiée. [69] About 70 mud volcanoes have been found in the area of the strait. [118][119] The main span of the bridge is 33 to 35 metres (108 to 115 ft) above sea level; the Ukrainian maritime authority says many ships are too big to pass safely under the bridge. Proposals to build a bridge across the Kerch Strait were considered from the early 20th century onward. The road bridge on 15 May 2018. L'idée d’un pont sur le détroit de Kertch resurgit entre la Russie et l'Ukraine post-soviétiques. Съемка с коптера", "Автодорожная часть Крымского моста открылась для движения автомобилей", "Названа средняя загрузка Крымского моста: 15 тысяч машин в сутки", "Сколько будет стоить проезд по Крымскому мосту? [89], In October 2018, the Russian Taman Road Administration reported that when one of the railway spans was being lowered into place, it tilted and fell into the sea. [69], Some experts have expressed doubts that the construction is durable, given the tectonic and sea current conditions in the strait. Asphalting the finished section of the road bridge from the side of Taman. Un pont reliant la Crimée et la Russie à 3 milliards de dollars », Le pont de Kertch : derrière la prouesse technique, le geste politique, rbth découverte d'un site antique au pont de Crimée, « La Russie révèle quand le pont de Crimée sera ouvert à la circulation », https://fr.sputniknews.com/russie/201912231042645941-poutine-inaugure-la-partie-ferroviaire-du-pont-de-crimee---video/, https://baumannjoelnachshon.wordpress.com/2020/08/29/le-senateur-tsekov-a-apprecie-limportance-de-lautoroute-de-tavrida-pour-le-developpement-de-la-crimee-nouvelles/, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-putins-bridge-over-troubled-waters/, Crimée: le pont de l'impossible, reportage de RT France, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pont_de_Crimée&oldid=176356930, Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata, Portail:Architecture et urbanisme/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. [18][15][19], Having been considered at least since 1903, planning for the bridge began in 2014, after the Russian annexation of Crimea. Le parquet néerlandais ouvre en mai 2018 une enquête visant sept entreprises nationales soupçonnées de violation des sanctions[12]. [61], After the annexation, Russian officials looked at various options for connecting Crimea to the Russian mainland, including a tunnel, but eventually settled on a bridge. « Ce pont doit constituer un élément important d'une autoroute qu'il est prévu de construire autour de la mer Noire[2]. On estime alors la durée des travaux de construction à 5 ans pour un prix compris entre 1,5 et 3 milliards de dollars. The rail bridge – under construction at the time – is visible on the left, The road bridge, opened in 2018, quickly overtook the Kerch Strait ferry as a preferred route of communication of Crimea with the rest of de facto Russian territory. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. [37], The shelving of the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement in November 2013 led to increased interest in the construction of a bridge between Crimea and the Taman Peninsula of Russia,[38] and an agreement on the construction of that bridge was signed as a part of the 17 December 2013 Ukrainian–Russian action plan. En septembre 2017, l'annonce que deux sociétés néerlandaises ont contribué à la construction du pont fait débat[10]. La construction du pont — routier à 2x2 voies[6] et ferroviaire à deux voies —, commence en février 2016[7]. Ce pont est également un projet symbolique, destiné à matérialiser le rattachement de la Crimée à la Russie ; les ouvriers y travaillent par rotations 24 heures par jour afin de tenir les délais, et la construction se veut entièrement russe[6]. La traversée, qui passe notamment par l'île de Touzla, a une longueur de 19 km, pour une hauteur du tablier maximale de 35 mètres[7]. [115], Conversely, a decrease of prices in Crimea, which was expected to occur after the opening of the road bridge, did not happen. For 1944–1945 bridge, see, Crimean Bridge on a 2018 Russian postage stamp (top) and a 2019 5 Ruble coin (bottom), Agreements between Ukrainian and Russian governments, Preliminary work started in May 2015, and the main construction (of the link itself) started in February 2016. [50], In April 2014, the Ukrainian government gave Russia six months notice of its withdrawal from the now-defunct bilateral Kerch Bridge agreement. It was officially released in cinemas in Russia on 1 November 2018. Il doit être doté d'une autoroute, d'une ou deux voies ferrées et de trottoirs pour piétons[3]. The main span over the Kerch Strait shipping canal would have a steel arch support, 227 m (745 ft) wide with a 35 m (115 ft) clearance above the water to allow ships to pass under. L’inauguration de la partie ferroviaire du pont a eu lieu le 23 décembre 2019[16]. Un premier pont sur ce détroit est construit durant l'été 1944, après la libération de la Crimée par l'Armée rouge, en utilisant en partie les matériaux laissés par l'Organisation Todt. [51] Since then, the Ukrainian government has actively condemned Russian construction of the bridge[52] as illegal[53] because Ukraine, "as a coastal state with regard to the Crimean Peninsula", did not give its consent to such construction,[54] and called on Russia to demolish "those parts of that structure located within temporarily occupied Ukrainian territory". More than 200 bombs[71] and a few airplanes (including an Ilyushin Il-2[72] and a Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk[73]) from the World War II era were found in the area during pre-construction clearance. КерчьИНФО – новости Керчи", "Putin opens 12-mile bridge between Crimea and Russian mainland", "Trucker Putin opens Russia bridge link with annexed Crimea", "Russia's bridge link with Crimea moves nearer to completion", "Russia's bridge to Crimea: A metaphor for the Putin era", "Bridge connects Crimea to Russia, and Putin to a Tsarist dream", "Завершено сооружение пролетов Крымского моста под автодорогу", "Russia pushes back 'Putin's bridge' to annexed Crimea by a year", "Putin inaugurates bridge by driving a truck across to seized peninsula Crimea", "На Крымском мосту установили новый рекорд автотрафика", "Голосование за название строящегося в Керченском проливе моста завершено", "Предисловие | Мост через Керченский пролив", "Кабмин рассматривает возможность соединения Украины с Россией", "Россия и Украина договорились строить мост через Керченский пролив", "2008 Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation", Azarov creates group for bridging the Kerch Strait, Russia, Ukraine to construct bridge across Kerch Strait, "Украина выбрала северный вариант моста через Керченский пролив", «Автодор» приступает к подготовке проекта моста через Керченский пролив Читайте далее, Medvedev Signs Decree Creating Contractor for Kerch Strait Bridge Project, "Объявлен конкурс на инженерные изыскания по строительству Керченского моста", "Request on proposals on the engineering design of the Kerch Strait Bridge, Contest Documentation, page 20", "Dependence on Russia Is Likely to Leave Region's Economy in a Precarious State", "Russia Makes Bold Move to Try to Solidify Control Over Crimea", "Russia green lights road and rail bridge to Crimea", "Kerch Strait bridge to be built ahead of schedule – deputy minister", "Ukraine conflict: Putin ally to build bridge to Crimea", "Ukraine withdraws from Kerch Strait bridge project with Russia", "Crimea: Who controls its territorial waters? The infrastructure of the Port of Taman is visible in the background. En mars 2014, à la suite de la crise de Crimée et du rattachement de la Crimée à la Fédération de Russie, la Russie annonce son intention de construire le pont. With a length of 19 km (11.8 mi), it is the longest bridge Russia has ever built and the longest in Europe. À la fin de janvier 2014, les gouvernements ukrainien et russe décident qu'une nouvelle société conjointe devrait être chargée de la construction et la société russe Rosavtodor (russe : Росавтодор) de son exploitation. Pas de compte? [101] On 18 December 2019 the rail bridge was deemed ready for operation,[102][103] and President Putin formally opened the bridge on 23 December. [121][122] In response, Ukraine declared martial law in some regions of the country for 30 days. The installed arches of the bridge and the process of sliding the spans of the road bridge to the arch. Le pont est inauguré le 15 mai 2018 par Vladimir Poutine, président de la fédération de Russie[14]. [106], The rail bridge design provides the ability to install an overhead railway electrification system "whenever such decision will be made", requiring no rebuilding of the bridge's structures. [8], The construction of the rail bridge continued. ", Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine on the unlawful launch of the Kerch Strait bridge by the Russian Federation, "Statement by the delegation of Ukraine at the 28th meeting of States Parties to the UNCLOS", "U.S. imposes sanctions on 'Putin's bridge' to Crimea", "Ukraine: EU adds six entities involved in the construction of the Kerch Bridge connecting the illegally annexed Crimea to Russia to sanctions list", "United Nations General Assembly Resolution 73/194 "Problem of the militarization of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, as well as parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, "General Assembly Adopts Resolution Urging Russian Federation to Withdraw Its Armed Forces from Crimea, Expressing Grave Concern about Rising Military Presence", "United Nations General Assembly Resolution 74/17 "Problem of the militarization of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, as well as parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, "Russia Defends Opening of Crimea Bridge Against U.S. [38] Additionally, it was decided a special working group would determine the location and set the technical parameters. According to archaeologists this is a unique finding, since it is the first of its kind found in the northern Black Sea area.[123]. Pending electrification, the rail bridge is served by diesel locomotives.[107]. The bridge complex provides for both road and rail traffic. Vue spatiale du pont centrée sur l'île de Touzla. Proposals to build a bridge across the Kerch Strait, Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement, 17 December 2013 Ukrainian–Russian action plan, Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, "Началось возведение свайных фундаментов Керченского моста", "Проектировщик моста в Крым – РБК: "Мы нашли оптимальное решение, "Проектировщиком моста в Крым стал петербургский "Гипростроймост, "Строительство моста через Керченский пролив. [119][120] The bulk carrier Copan (deadweight tonnage 17,777 tons) solved this problem by cutting off the top of her mast. [25][g], Construction of the bridge was reconsidered by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in 2006, and the then-Transport Minister of Ukraine Mykola Rudkovsky stated that he expected the bridge to be a "net positive for Crimea" as it would allow "every tourist visiting Russian Caucasus to visit Crimea as well". Concrete casting and asphalting of the overpass spans on Tuzla Island. According to local Russian administration, this situation persists because large retail groups are not working in Crimea due to either risk of being sanctioned or because they deem Crimea a "logistic dead end",[112] although there are expectations that opening of the rail bridge will contribute to a decrease of prices for certain goods. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 7 novembre 2020 à 22:39. The Russian government's draft resolution of 1 September 2014 required the bridge to have four lanes of vehicle traffic and a double-track railway. [108] After the bridge was opened for trucks in October 2018, truck transportation via the ferry virtually ceased. ». [68], The bridge was built by Stroygazmontazh Ltd (SGM), which had never before built a major bridge. L'organisation Todt commence les travaux en avril 1943, mais dès le 1er septembre 1943, de puissants bombardements forcent l'arrêt des travaux. accord d'association Ukraine-Union européenne, « Moscou-Kiev : construction d'un pont reliant la Crimée au Caucase », « Pont entre Russie et Ukraine : un projet onéreux, mais nécessaire (Medvedev) », « Ukraine. Krymskiy most, IPA: [ˈkrɨmskʲij most]), also called the Kerch Strait Bridge, or colloquially the Kerch Bridge (Russian: Керченский мост), is a pair of Russian-constructed parallel bridges, spanning the Strait of Kerch between the Taman Peninsula of Krasnodar Krai and the Kerch Peninsula of Crimea. Selon le projet initial présenté en 2010, le pont doit être long de 4,2 km, large de 22 mètres et d'une hauteur de 50 mètres[3]. Le chantier est confié le 30 janvier 2015[5] à Stroïgazmontaj, une entreprise russe spécialisée dans la construction et dirigée par Arkadi Rotenberg. Carte du pont avec l'île de Touzla au centre. La Crimée est en avant-plan, l'île de Touzla au centre, la péninsule de Taman en fond. In 1949 the Soviet Government ordered the construction of a 5.969-kilometre (3.709 mi) two-tier combined road-rail bridge (two road lanes on the upper tier and two rail tracks on the lower tier) with 40 m clearance below, connecting Yeni-Kale with Chushka Spit, but in 1950 the construction was halted and a ferry line was created instead. [69] Some of the piles are at an angle to make the structure more stable during earthquakes. [76] The first piles were installed in early 2016,[77] and in April 2016 the first pillar of the road bridge was constructed. In January 2015, the contract for construction of the bridge was awarded to the SGM Group, whose owner Arkady Rotenberg (reportedly a close personal friend of Putin) was internationally sanctioned in response to the Russian military's involvement in Ukraine. This occurred in the sea section between Tuzla Spit and Tuzla Island. [34], In 2010, Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed an agreement to build a bridge across the Kerch Strait,[35] and Russia and Ukraine signed a memorandum of mutual understanding on the construction of the bridge on 26 November 2010.
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