ephedra sinica stapf

While ephedra extracts are cytotoxic to cultivated cells, the cytotoxicity is not primarily caused by ephedrine.Joyal 2004, Lee 2000 N-nitrosamines of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine have been found to be formed under physiological conditions. Effect of Ephedrae Herba methanol extract on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidaemic mice. 1927: 133. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of water distillates of Ephedra sinica STAPF (ES), in herb-acupuncture, on the inflammatory responses of arthritis was investigated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human macrophage and adjuvant-induced arthriti …  According to the experimental results of the inventors, the yield of ephedrine obtained by separating and fractionating the ephedra extract of 300 Mpa ultra-high pressure 15 minutes which is considered as the optimum extraction condition is shown in Table 2. The growth of the cells was incubated at 5¾ C0 2 , 37 ° C using RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FBS.  The present invention is also characterized in that it is an immunoadjuvant containing an ephedrine obtained by the separation method as an active ingredient. Thereafter, in order to separate and fractionate the ephedrine component that enhances the ephedra's immune activity, 0.5 MH 2 SO 4 and 99% ethyl alcohol were extracted for 10-14 hours using a nonpolar solvent extraction method to obtain a soluble fraction.  <6> ephedra 0¾aferfra sinica STAPF) is a perennial herb and is distributed mainly in northern China and Bongol and has a length of 30 ~ 70cm. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in thermal homeostasis. Secondly, it relieves cough and high fever, which are representative symptoms of the flu. Kew. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in … Due to the acute potency, E. sinica Stapf is not suitable for the elderly and weak directly. GC–MS analysis of freshly picked young E. sinica stems enabled the detection of 1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione and (S)-cathinone, the first two putative committed biosynthetic precursors to the ephedrine alkaloids. International Plant Names Index. Of the 217 supplement products implicated in liver injury, ephedra was among the 22% (116) of the single-ingredient products.Navarro 2014, In the 2016 Scientific Statement by the American Heart Association regarding drugs that may cause or exacerbate heart failure, ephedra (ma-huang) and ephedra-like products have been recognized as products with stimulant effects on blood pressure and heart rate as well as an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, and should be avoided. ... Nom latin Ephedra sinica Stapf, E. Famille EPHEDRACEAE; 7. The inventors of the present invention performed a process at an ultra-high pressure to efficiently obtain ephedrine from Ephedra sinica Stapf, and extracted ephedrine by using a solvent of sulfuric acid and ethyl alcohol mixed at a ratio determined through fractionation, without the conventional addition of diethyl ether. Ephedra-containing supplements are banned for sale in the United States. Ephedra-containing supplements are banned for sale in the United States. It seems likely that Ephedra sinica var. Ephedra preparative samples were used as DMS0-i »solvent with TMS. 1927. Ephedrine, a physiologically active substance that is effective in treating colds and asthma through HPLC analysis of ephedra, is higher than the existing 0.0022% (22.12 ± 0.54 / g / g) through the fractionation process.  |  5). The whole Ephedra sinica plant has traditionally been used to treat symptoms of bronchial asthma, colds, influenza, allergies, and hives in teas or tinctures. This product may adversely interact with certain health and medical conditions, other prescription and over-the-counter drugs, foods, or other dietary supplements. Liver transplant was also more frequent with toxicity from non-bodybuilding supplements (13%) than with conventional medications (3%) (P<0.001). Keywords: Anti-allergic agent (anti-allergic extract preparation method, Republic of Korea Patent Registration 10-0527912), anti-atopic agent (a composition for the prevention or treatment of atopic dermatitis, and preparation method thereof, Korea registration) Patent 10-0483539) and the like, but the separation of these immunoactive substances from ephedra is the first attempt in the field of yield enhancement and pure substance separation when applied to commercialization of the functional food and pharmaceutical materials of ephedra in the future It is expected to create new high added value and give high economic feasibility and preoccupy one field of biological business. This product may be unsafe when used before surgery or other medical procedures.  Example 1. Seed cones terminal or axillary, solitary, oblong-ovoid or subglobose, ca. More Accounts and Images; ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (EPSI3) Integrated Taxonomic Information System (EPSI3) Wildlife.  In addition, in the conventional extraction process, the sulfuric acid was extracted with a solvent for ephedra, and the salt was immediately removed.  It is characterized by consisting of; obtaining a pure ephedrine by removing (salt). In the present invention, an ultrahigh pressure extraction process is performed to obtain an effective bioactive substance from ephedra. Bibliographic References. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.040. Seeds usually 2, black-red or grayish brown, concealed by or equaling bracts. 2009;126:31–41. This information does not endorse this product as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. HPLC analysis {(A): 3 standard, (B): ephedra fraction according to the present invention},  Example 4 Structural Analysis of Useful Bioactive Components. All fractions, reverse phase silica TLC plate (RP 18 W, 20 x 20 cm, Merck, USA) for stationary phase, butanol (Sigma, USA) for mobile phase: 6% acetic acid (Merck, USA): H 2 0 (Merck, USA) (4: 1: 1, v / v / v). IPNI. <28> The present invention is to increase the elution of the ephedra useful bioactive substance ephedrine through the extraction of ephedra, and the reaction of H 2 S0 4 and ethyl alcohol directly with ephedra extract in the first fractionation conditions after the fractionation when the existing ephedrine extraction It is characterized by simplifying the hassle of three consecutive extractions of diethyl ether. As a result of analyzing the peaks of the useful material contained in the TLC spot of the ephedra fraction obtained by the process according to the present invention, it can be seen that the chemical structure of ephedrine based on the results shown in 3,000, 1500, 1,000 wavenumber cn 1 (Fig. Could be. Waste and sandy places, plains, mountain slopes; 700-1600 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Mongolia]. 2014;21:649–663. EPHEDRA . Published on the internet. Inform. An adjuvant for adjuvant containing as an active ingredient ephedrinol obtained by the separation method of claim 1.  Drying the above fractions under reduced pressure to obtain a powder; Dissolve the above powder in methane, 99% C0. These metabolites are only present in young E. sinica stems and not in mature stems or roots. M363 series. A combination of ephedrine with a caffeine-containing supplement, such as guarana or cola nut, has been most frequently used for weight loss.Greenway 2001 A meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of ephedra in weight loss published in 2003 found few published high-quality trials. Ephedra sinica (also known as Chinese ephedra or Ma Huang) is a plant species native to Mongolia, Russia (Buryatiya, Chita, Primorye), and northeastern China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi). Herbal medicines such as ephedra need to introduce ultra-high pressure that is different from the existing processing technology in order to obtain a bioactive substance due to its strong cell wall.  <99> The toxicity of HEK293 cells of the isolated material by the process of the present invention,   Fig. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Anti-arthritic effects of Ephedra sinica STAPF herb-acupuncture: inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and adjuvant-induced polyarthritis. In order to break the solid and hard cell wall of ephedra, 300Mpa ultra high pressure extraction method is used to maximize the dissolution of useful materials. A chapter on ephedra has been included in the Flora of China, a collaborative plant project.Lee 2011, USDA 2007, Chaw 2000, Bowe 2000, Fu 2000. The optimum conditions for yield improvement in the separation of ephedrine from ephedra were presented, and the extraction amount was experimentally separated and compared using TLC / HPLC analysis. Ephedra species grow as low, shrubby plants with small leaves on jointed, ribbed green stems. EH showed significant HSP70 and NF-kB inhibition against heat stress. 5. Thus, species such as Ephedra nevadensis (Mormon tea) are not appropriate substitutes.Terry 1927. Analysis of the peaks revealed that the mass and structure of the unknown isolate was ephedrine. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features!  <Π> The high yield extraction method of the present invention for achieving the above object. When the ephedrine was obtained according to the process proposed in the present invention, the total extraction time was reduced by about three times compared to the existing separation process time of 12 hours, thereby economically reducing the time required for extraction. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first banned the sale of all dietary supplements containing ephedra in April 2004 based on a lack of evidence to support efficacy claims and more than 16,000 reported cases of adverse reactions. Weight and ear and rectal temperature measurements were made after terminating heat stress. It differs from var. Not only was the process complicated, but the re-extraction of ephedra would have to be repeated several times, resulting in a high economic burden and extraction time to obtain the required solvents. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. Ephedra Summary. As such, various pharmacological effects of ephedra are known, but until now, the specific effects of ephedra's direct immune activity enhancement are insignificant, and there is no industrial use as a functional material. Get the latest research from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus. More Accounts and Images; ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (EPSI3) Integrated Taxonomic Information System (EPSI3) Wildlife. pumila Florin, Kongl. Since powder phase After dissolving Taetae extract in 10 m of methane, solvent 99% C0 2> Extraction temperature 35 ° C, pressure. EP, Kind code of ref document: Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) chromatogram…, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) chromatogram of Ephedra sinica Stapf extract detected at 210…, Effects of Ephedra sinica Stapf extract (EHE) and gypsum extract (GFE) on heat-induced…, NLM When diethyl ether is obtained through chemical reaction between sulfuric acid and ethyl alcohol in the fraction, the molecular formula is C 2 ¾0C 2 H 5 , which has a molecular structure with two ethyl groups centered on an oxygen atom. Misc. Il existe une espèce européenne sur la côte atlantique, Ephedra distachya L. appelée "raisin de mer" ou "herbe aux jointures". The use of ephedra-containing products in sports has been reported.Tokish 2004, Avois 2006, Dhar 2005 Few trials evaluating the ergogenic efficacy of ephedrine alone exist, and results suggest slight effects on performance.Tokish 2004, Shekelle 2003 However, combinations of ephedrine and caffeine have been reported to increase endurance in running and cycling experiments.Dhar 2005, Shekelle 2003 Most studies have been conducted by one groupBell 2001, Bell 2002 and because of the different types of exercise studied (endurance and power), the results cannot be pooled for analysis.Shekelle 2003 Because most classes of amphetamines are banned by the International Olympic Committee (except for medical use of ephedrine) and ephedra-containing supplements are banned by the FDA, further trials evaluating their efficacy are unlikely.Tokish 2004, Avois 2006. Reported adverse reactions include arrhythmia and sudden death, myocardial infarction, stroke, psychiatric symptoms, autonomic hyperactivity, seizures, and ischemic colitis and gastric mucosal injury. Ephedra sinica is an evergreen Shrub growing to 0.4 m (1ft 4in). The accessions can be classified into two groups according to the stereochemistry of the products accumulated: a group that displayed only 1R stereoisomers, and a group that displayed both 1S and 1R stereoisomers. <72> Characterization and structure of molecules using FT / IR (Fourier Transform Infraed spectrometer, UMA-500, BIO-RAD, Cambridge, USA) for analysis of the compound According to the vibration transmission absorption spectrum was analyzed. This site needs JavaScript to work properly.  1. A marked diversity in the ephedrine alkaloids content and stereochemical composition in 16 different E. sinica accessions growing under the same environmental conditions was revealed, indicating genetic control of these traits. Hypothalamus tissue was collected to evaluate the HSP70, nuclear factor kappa-Β (NF-kB), and interleukin (IL)-1β protein expression levels. It is thought to open the possibility as an effective therapeutic agent to prevent the transmission of virus to diseases such as pneumonia and sepsis.  1 shows a method of obtaining ephedrine purely separated from ephedra, comparing the difference between the process (A) of the present invention and the existing process (B). The related Ephedra foemina and Ephedra foliata also lack ephedrine alkaloids and their metabolic precursors in their aerial parts. Irritating and sweet ethyl ethers are widely used as solvents for bromine, iodine, most fats and resins, gasoline, pure rubber, and vegetable alkaloids. A1.  A high yield separation of ephedrine from ephedra. Ephedra plants, including Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia schrenk et C.A. As a weight loss agent, ephedra has been commonly combined with caffeine; however, more recently the ephedra component has been replaced with bitter orange in US dietary supplements.Lee 2011, Fu 2000, Chemical investigations of ephedra in the early 20th century resulted in the isolation of the alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which were identified as the major pharmacologically active compounds in the aboveground portions of the plant. This information relates to an herbal, vitamin, mineral or other dietary supplement. First Step: Obtaining Extreme Extract from Ephedra. (S)-cathinone reductase activities were detected in E. sinica stems capable of reducing (S)-cathinone to (1R,2S)-norephedrine and (1S,2S)-norpseudoephedrine in the presence of NADH. Ephedrine of ephedra is known to have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and bile secretion, as well as the cardiovascular system, and has been used since ancient times for sweating, asthma and colds. In comparison, E. sinica Stapf after processing provides relief to some degree. EH and GF contribute to the inhibition of heat-induced proinflammatory factors and the promotion of hypothalamic homeostasis. Wetland Status. A (1R,2S)-norephedrine N-methyltransferase capable of converting (1R,2S)-norephedrine to (1R,2S)-ephedrine in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was also detected in E. sinica stems. In the existing process, the ephedra was extracted with sulfuric acid as a solvent, and then the salt was removed. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay is a cellular protein by staining the experiment by measuring cell proliferation or toxicity of the target cells of human kidney normal cells HEK293 (in 10% FBS media) 4 ~ 5><10 4 , the concentration of 100 ^ of each well of 96 well piate with eel Is / ^ was incubated for 24 hours (37 V, 5% C0 2 ), and then the respective concentrations were 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 rag. Ephedra. Wetland Status. Measurement of yield of useful substance of extract. For analysis, pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and methylephedrine were mixed (l: l: l = v / v / v) as a comparative standard (Fig. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Ma huang was used to induce perspiration and treat the symptoms of bronchial asthma, colds, and influenza; it is still in traditional use today. eCollection 2019. Biological Source . Published online.  In other words, the present invention relates to a method for isolating the base component ephedrine from ephedra, and to a technique utilizing the new body's immune activity of the isolated material. Toxicol. 2 mm, shallowly furrowed. The largest increase was found to be 0.0085% (85.46 ± 0.42 / g / g). Sulfuric acid and ethyl alcohol used in the fractionation step are characterized by synthesis of diethyl ether when heat is applied. Ephedra consists of the dried aerial parts of Ephedra gerardiana Wall, Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra equisetina Bunge, Ephedra nebrodensis Tineo and other Ephedra species, belonging to family Ephadreaceae. Tropicos.org 2020. The cytotoxicity against human normal cell HEK293 was examined. The 3-source species are native to China, where the aboveground parts are collected in the fall and dried for use. After drying the fractions under reduced pressure to obtain a powder, the powder was completely dissolved in methane and placed in a supercritical extraction device. TLC analysis (1: ephedra fraction obtained by the existing process, 2-1: ephedra fraction obtained by the process except ultra-high pressure treatment in the process of the present invention, 2-2: ephedra fraction obtained by the process of the present invention, * : Ephedrine spot of ephedra fraction obtained by the process of the present invention),  Example 3 Analysis of Separation Yield of Ephedrine by Prep-HPLC. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, alerts, new drug approvals and more. Ephedra sinica Stapf (EH) exert toxic effects, such as excitability, cardiac arrhythmia, and others. A simple and effective method for obtaining and separating is presented. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. 3, 12: 11. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae) is a widely used Chinese medicinal plant (Chinese name: Ma Huang).The main active constituents of E. sinica are the unique and taxonomically restricted adrenergic agonists phenylpropylamino alkaloids, also known as ephedrine alkaloids: (1R,2S)-norephedrine (1S,2S)-norpseudoephedrine, (1R,2S)-ephedrine, (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine, (1R,2S)-N … Measurement of NK cell growth. / By 100. Med.  <60>. Periconceptional use of ephedra-containing products has been associated with an increased adjusted odds ratio for anencephaly. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this product. This is only a brief summary of general information about this product. Avoid use.Ernst 2002, Fleming 2008 It may increase blood pressure and heart rate, cause CNS activity, and stimulate uterine muscle. USA.gov. Although the components of the compounds suspected of having immune enhancing activity from ephedra have been reported to date, studies on their obtaining method have been insignificant. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Inhibitory effects of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata on chronic intermittent cold-induced inflammation in the mouse hypothalamus.  The present invention relates to a method of isolating ephedrine (ephedrine) in a high yield from a representative stem medicinal herb ephedra 0¾¾ei / ra sinica Stapf) and an immunoadjuvant containing the ephedrine as an active ingredient. Regulatory effects of EH and GF for body temperature and weight against heat stress were mediated by IL-1β reduction. They are dioecious (ie, male and female flowers are usually found on separate plants). 2010;76:2012–2018. In addition, it is possible to improve the yield of separation of ephedrine by 25% compared to the 0.0022% yield of the existing separation process (B of Table 1), so the process of obtaining useful substances by this isolation method is an efficient process of obtaining ephedrine. The earliest scientific work on ephedra, and consequently on ephedrine, is attributed to the Japanese organic chemist and pharmacologist Nagayoshi Nagai (1844 to 1929), followed by his colleague Kinnosuke Miura (1864 to 1950), who identified the potential toxicity of the alkaloids. Pollen cones sessile or pedunculate, solitary or in clusters at nodes, rarely terminal; bracts in 4 pairs, margin very narrow, membranous, apex obtuse or subacute; anthers 7 or 8, sessile or shortly stipitate. Lett.  [Detailed Description of the Invention]. Comparison of ephedrine yield of extracts. It is mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, one of the premodern classics of Chinese medicine written around 100 AD. Kim W, Lee W, Choi JG, Ju IG, Kim YK, Lee TH, Oh MS. J Ethnopharmacol. Ma huang is one of the earliest and best known drugs of Chinese traditional medicine. Tetramethylpyrazine has been identified as a pharmacologically active constituent of stems, and analytical methods have been developed.Spyridaki 2001, Lv 2000, Zhao 2009 In the roots, which do not contain appreciable amounts of ephedrine alkaloids, feruloylhistamineHikino 1984 and ephedradines A-DHikino 1983, Tamada 1979 were isolated. Meanwhile, 50 g of ephedra was extracted as a control group (see FIG. The ban was later overturned by a federal judge in April 2005 for products containing ephedra 10 mg or less. Microcirculation. Method for Separation in High Yield and Immune Booster Using Ephedrine as Active Ingredient.  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with examples by process. Subshrubs small, to 40 cm, sparsely branched; woody stems short or prostrate; branchlets straight or curved, sometimes slightly involute, internodes (2.5-)3-4(-5.5) cm × ca. Related Links. Doses of ephedra greater than 32 mg/day have resulted in adverse reactions.Andraws 2005, The pharmacokinetics of ephedra in humans have been studied, with ephedrine in crude herb requiring twice as long to reach the peak plasma concentration as pure ephedrine dosage forms.White 1997 Similarly, the combination of a single dose of ephedra and caffeine has been studied; ephedrine and pseudoephedrine had similar peak concentrations at 140 to 150 minutes, while caffeine blood levels peaked at 90 minutes. 1). Chinese Plant Names We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information -. Ephedra-containing supplements are banned by the FDA, making data from animal studies for use as a weight-loss aid irrelevant. J Pharmacol Sci. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 2 Nov 2020), Cerner Multum™ (updated 2 Nov 2020), ASHP (updated 23 Oct 2020) and others. . doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.07.006. 7. Accessed Apr 16 2020. It is characterized by having an anti-influenza virus effect.  Performing supercritical extraction at a condition of ˜3,500 psi; <22> 6M NaOH was added to the obtained product to adjust the pH to 11 ᅳ 13, and then NaCl was added to the salt. From the medicinal plants, it is possible to extract the desired single component with high purity and low impurities in a short time. Extracting the above extract with a 0.5M ¾SO. It is important to fully inform your doctor about the herbal, vitamins, mineral or any other supplements you are taking before any kind of surgery or medical procedure.  <78> Using Bruker Avance DPX 600 Mhz spectrometer (Germany) for structural analysis of the TLC spot of ephedra fraction obtained by the process according to the present invention — NMR (Magnetic resonance imaging) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) , Varian UI 500 MHz) spectra were obtained and the peaks were resolved and integrated using Win NMR software. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events have been documented in case reports. Meyer and Ephedra equisetina Bge, may be used to treat colds, hay fever, allergies, pneumonia, asthma and bronchitis (14–16). Ephedra Summary. The main components of ephedra are ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, 1-N-methylephedrine, 1-norephedrine, dN- pseudomethyledphrine, d-demethyl- pseudoephedrine, ephedine, Nonacosanol, nonacosane, triacontaol, and the like.  [Best form for implementation of the invention]. The effect of enhancing immune function was verified using B cell (Raji), a human immune cell. Mice were divided into four groups: saline, saline plus heat, EH plus heat, and GF plus heat treated groups.  |  Because of adverse events and lack of efficacy, use is not recommended for weight loss or increased athletic performance. Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org Ephedraceae (Mormon-tea family), SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS, Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or anti-inflammatory agents, e.g antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders, Enhancement of immune activities of Ephedrae Herba and Rubi Fructus at low temperature extraction, Effect of ephedrae herba on the immune response in mice, Selective extraction of ephedrine from Ephedra sinica using mixtures of C02, diethylamine and methanol, Method of preparing alkaloids using supercritical fluids from plants, Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides recovered from white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), Chemical properties and bioactivities of Goji (Lycium barbarum) polysaccharides extracted by different methods, Comparative studies of the antiproliferative effects of ginseng polysaccharides on HT-29 human colon cancer cells, Polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum leaves: isolation, characterization and splenocyte proliferation activity, Partial characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the stem of Dendrobium officinale (Tiepishihu) in vitro, Purifications of pomegranate ellagitannins and their uses thereof, Supercritical carbon dioxide extract of pharmacologically active components from Nerium oleander, Anti-cancer active substance from Antrodia camphorata, method for preparing the same and use thereof, Antitumor activity of a polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii on mice bearing renal cancer, Rapid large scale purification of ellagitannins from pomegranate husk, a by-product of the commercial juice industry, Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium Linn. One study used capillary electrophoresis to analyze 22 samples from Taiwan herbal markets and found that E. sinica samples were generally higher in alkaloid content than E. intermedia samples (1.6% vs 1.2%, respectively). The salt is removed to obtain ephedrine. Measurement of normal cell toxicity,  <104> Experiment 3. Other types of compounds also have been isolated from ma huang. Heat stress was fixed at 43 °C for 15 min once daily for 3 days. 草麻黄 cao ma huang Ephedra ma-huang Liu.. Subshrubs small, to 40 cm, sparsely branched; woody stems short or prostrate; branchlets straight or curved, sometimes slightly involute, internodes (2.5 … It was confirmed that the yield of ephedrine is improved through the isolation method of the present invention, and furthermore, it is also newly confirmed that the immune activity is improved according to the above method, thereby increasing its utilization.

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